Effectiveness of a Nursing Educational Intervention in Adults to Promote Control Behaviors Against Dengue: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The increase in dengue cases can be attributed to social, demographic, environmental changes, or community-driven factors. In this regard, different strategies have been established in health education, using educational interventions as necessary tools for the reduction of the disease with the aim of reinforcing and stimulating the prevention and control of dengue. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing educational intervention for dengue control. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with adults living in rural areas and participating in health promotion and disease prevention programs. We will enroll 116 adults. Adults will be randomized 1:1, with 58 adults assigned to the educational intervention group and 58 to the usual care group. Participants will receive 4 sessions over the course of a month, 1 week apart, and will be followed up for 1 month after the end of the educational intervention. Nursing Outcome Classification labels will be used to measure the outcomes: risk control (1902) and participation in health care decisions (1606). RESULTS: The participants in the intervention group are expected to achieve better dengue control behaviors than those in the usual care group. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors are fostered by the community, largely caused by artificial reservoirs or unprotected tanks in homes; also, the lack of information hinders the identification of symptomatology and the poor implementation of effective measures, and the development of standardized educational strategies can contribute to efficient and cost-effective control of the disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05321264; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05321264. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/54286.

Educational Interventions in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Health Care Settings. A Scoping Review / Intervenciones educativas en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en entornos de atención primaria de salud: una revisión de alcance / Intervenções educacionais em adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em ambientes de atenção primária à saúde: uma revisão de escopo

Objective. To synthesize the evidence of studies with educational interventions for adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in primary health care settings. Methods. A scoping review was conducted following the recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute and by the PRISMA declaration. The protocol was registered in INPLASY20215009. The search was carried out in: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and grey literature. Results. Seventeen studies were included; most were randomized clinical trials of which 65% were conducted in high-income countries,and all the studies represented 5 656 participants. The results showed four big categories derived from educational interventions: therapeutic adherence (significant results on the satisfaction with the treatment); self-care and self-management in diabetes (improvement in self-efficacy, empowerment, and disease awareness); glycemic control in diabetes (significant results in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin); nursing and its role in the educational interventions on patients with DM2 (guidance in restructuring behaviors). Conclusion. The findings of this review suggest that educational interventions on patients with DM2 within the setting of primary health care can impact positively on therapeutic adherence, self-control, and knowledge of the disease. Moreover, it was possible to identify the influence of multidisciplinary health teams, where the relevance of nursing professionals in the construction and implementation of educational interventions is evidenced in obtaining better health results.

Objetivo. Sintetizar la evidencia de estudios con intervenciones educativas para adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en la atención primaria de salud. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión de alcance siguiendo las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs y de la declaración PRISMA. El protocolo se registró en INPLASY20215009. La búsqueda se realizó en: MEDLINE (vía PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS y literatura gris. Resultados. Diecisiete estudios fueron incluidos, la mayoría fueron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, de estos 65% fueron conducidos en países de ingresos altos, y todos los estudios en total representaron 5656 participantes. Los resultados mostraron cuatro grandes categorías derivadas de las intervenciones educativas: adherencia terapéutica (resultados significativos en la satisfacción con el tratamiento); autocuidado y automanejo en diabetes (mejora en la autoeficacia, empoderamiento y conciencia de la enfermedad); control glucémico en diabetes (resultados significativos en la reducción de la hemoglobina glicosilada); enfermería y su papel en las intervenciones educativas en pacientes con DM2 (orientación en la reestructuración de comportamientos). Conclusión. Los hallazgos de esta revisión sugieren que las intervenciones educativas en pacientes con DM2 en el ámbito de la atención primaria de salud pueden impactar positivamente en la adherencia terapéutica, el autocontrol y el conocimiento de la enfermedad. Además, fue posible identificar la influencia de los equipos multidisciplinarios de salud, donde se evidencia la relevancia de los profesionales de enfermería en la construcción e implementación de intervenciones educativas para la obtención de mejores resultados de salud.

Objetivo. Sintetizar as evidências de estudos sobre intervenções educacionais para adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) na atenção primária à saúde. Métodos.Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo seguindo as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute e a declaração PRISMA. O protocolo foi registrado no INPLASY20215009. A pesquisa foi realizada em: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS e literatura cinzenta. Resultados. Dezessete estudos foram incluídos, a maioria eram ensaios clínicos randomizados, 65% deles foram conduzidos em países de alta renda e todos os estudos, no total, contaram com 5656 participantes. Os resultados mostraram quatro grandes categorias derivadas das intervenções educacionais: adesão (resultados significativos na satisfação com o tratamento); autocuidado e autogestão da diabetes (melhoria na autoeficácia, fortalecimento e conscientização sobre a doença); controle glicêmico na diabetes (resultados significativos na redução da hemoglobina glicada); enfermagem e seu papel nas intervenções educacionais em pacientes com DM2 (orientação na reestruturação de comportamentos). Conclusão. Os achados desta revisão sugerem que as intervenções educacionais em pacientes com DM2 no ambiente da atenção primária à saúde podem impactar positivamente na adesão, no autogerenciamento e no conhecimento da doença. Além disso, foi possível identificar a influência das equipes multidisciplinares de saúde, onde fica evidente a relevância dos profissionais de enfermagem na construção e implementação de intervenções educacionais para obter melhores resultados de saúde.

Intervenciones educativas para la prevención y control del dengue en adultos: una revisión integrativa / Educational interventions for the prevention and control of dengue in adults: An integrative review

Objetivo: Revisar y sintetizar la producción científica de intervenciones educativas para la prevención y control del dengue en adultos. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, protocolo registrado en INPLASY (202170038). La búsqueda fue realizada en MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science y EMBASE, sin fecha de inicio y hasta el 31 de marzo de 2021. Se incluyeron estudios de intervención: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios clúster y cuasiexperimentales. El desenlace evaluado fue la prevención y el control del dengue. Se realizó la evaluación de la calidad metodológica y del nivel de evidencia de los estudios incluidos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 estudios con niveles de evidencia entre 1c a 2dm, correspondiente a países de bajos y medianos ingresos de Asia y América. Se evidenció el uso de ayudas didácticas frente a procesos de educación mediante herramientas digitales y se observó un campo de acción por parte de enfermería desde la educación para la salud. Conclusiones: La educación para la salud en escenarios diferentes a los clínicos puede favorecer el empoderamiento por parte de la población para mejorar las conductas de salud. Por otro lado, la utilización de herramientas electrónicas resulta de gran ayuda para evaluar el efecto de una intervención.(AU)

Objective: To review and synthesize the scientific production of educational interventions for the prevention and control of dengue in adults. Method: Integrative literature review, protocol registered in INPLASY (202170038). The search was performed in MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science and EMBASE, with no start date until March 31, 2021. Intervention studies were included: randomized clinical trials, cluster and quasi-experimental studies. The outcome evaluated was dengue prevention and control. The evaluation of the methodological quality and the level of evidence of the included studies was carried out. Results: Ten studies were included with levels of evidence between 1c and 2dm, corresponding to low- and middle-income countries in Asia and America. The use of didactic aids was evidenced against educational processes, digital tools, and a field of action by nursing was observed, from health education. Conclusions: Health education in scenarios other than clinical ones can favor empowerment by the population to improve health behaviors. On the other hand, the use of electronic tools is of great help in evaluating the effect of an intervention.(AU)

Usefulness of Acceptability and Feasibility Assessment in Studies of Nursing Interventions

Nursing interventions constitute an essential component in the discipline and play a central role in the distinction of the nursing practice with regards to other health professionals. In light of the theory, authors like Burns and Grove,(1) define nursing interventions as deliberate cognitive, physical or verbal activities, which are implemented in individuals and families, seeking therapeutic objectives that contribute to health and wellbeing. In turn, for Sidani and Braden,(2) these are described as treatments, therapies, procedures, or actions developed by health professionals within a specific situation of the patient, for the purpose of modifying current conditions and leading to beneficial health outcomes. These approaches aim, in addition to guiding professional to respond to the needs of individuals and/or families, to move towards evaluating the achievement of the results; for this, structured, systematic and rigorous evaluation processes of the interventions are required.

Educational interventions for the prevention and control of dengue in adults: An integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To review and synthesize the scientific production of educational interventions for the prevention and control of dengue in adults. METHOD: Integrative literature review, protocol registered in INPLASY (202170038). The search was performed in MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science and EMBASE, with no start date until March 31, 2021. Intervention studies were included: randomized clinical trials, cluster and quasi-experimental studies. The outcome evaluated was dengue prevention and control. The evaluation of the methodological quality and the level of evidence of the included studies was carried out. RESULTS: 10 studies were included with levels of evidence between 1c and 2dm, corresponding to low- and middle-income countries in Asia and America. The use of didactic aids was evidenced against educational processes, digital tools, and a field of action by nursing was observed, from health education. CONCLUSIONS: Health education in scenarios other than clinical ones can favor empowerment by the population to improve health behaviors. On the other hand, the use of electronic tools is of great help in evaluating the effect of an intervention.

Diseño, validación e implementación de una intervención personalizada para mejorar la adherencia terapéutica en el adulto con hipertensión arterial / Design, Validation and Implementation of a Tailored Intervention to Improve Therapeutic Adherence in Adults with Arterial Hypertension / Desenvolvimento, validação e implementação de uma intervenção personalizada para melhorar a aderência terapêutica no adulto com hipertensão arterial

Objetivo: describir el proceso de diseño, validación e implementación de una intervención de enfermería personalizada para mejorar la adherencia terapéutica en adultos con hipertensión arterial. Método: estudio para el desarrollo de intervenciones según la propuesta de Sidani y Braden, que contempla el diseño de la intervención, la operacionalización en un manual de intervención y el estudio piloto. Resultados: la intervención sustentada en los postulados de la teoría salutogénica fue organizada en 4 sesiones, cada sesión de carácter semanal y duración de 20 minutos, presenciales y por teléfono. Los expertos (n=5) evaluaron la fidelidad teórica con una relevancia del 96 %, viabilidad del 94 % y claridad del 98 %. Conclusión: seguir las recomendaciones de Sidani y Braden permitió el diseño de una intervención con adecuado rigor metodológico, fundamentada en el uso de una teoría y de la evidencia científica que demuestra la fidelidad teórica y viabilidad de la intervención para mejorar la adherencia terapéutica en adultos con hipertensión arterial.

Objective: Describe the process of design, validation and implementation of a tailored nursing intervention to improve therapeutic adherence in adults with arterial hypertension. Method: Study the interventions development as proposed by Sidani & Braden, which includes the design of the intervention, operationalization of an intervention handbook and a pilot study. Results: The intervention based on the postulates of the salutogenic theory was organized in 4 sessions, each weekly lasting 20 minutes, in person and by telephone. The experts (n=5) evaluated the theoretical fidelity with a relevance of 96 %, feasibility of 94 % and clarity of 98 %. Conclusion: Following the recommendations of Sidani & Braden allowed designing an intervention with adequate methodological rigor, based on a theory and scientific evidence that demonstrate the theoretical fidelity and feasibility of the intervention to improve therapeutic adherence in adults with arterial hypertension.

Objetivo: descrever o processo de concepção, validação e implementação de uma intervenção de enfermagem personalizada para melhorar a adesão terapêutica em adultos com hipertensão arterial. Método: estudo para desenvolvimento de intervenções segundo a proposta de Sidani & Braden, que inclui o concepção da intervenção, a operacionalização em manual de intervenção e o estudo piloto. Resultados: a intervenção baseada nos postulados da teoria salutogênica foi organizada em 4 sessões, uma semanal, com duração de 20 minutos cada, ministradas presencialmente e por telefone. Os especialistas (n=5) avaliaram a fidelidade teórica com relevância de 96 %, viabilidade de 94 % e clareza de 98 %. Conclusão: seguir as recomendações de Sidani & Braden permitiu o desenvolvimento de uma intervenção, com rigor metodológico adequado, baseado na utilização de uma teoria e evidências científicas que demonstram a fidelidade teórica e viabilidade da intervenção para melhorar a adesão terapêutica em adultos com hipertensão arterial.

Educational Interventions in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Health Care Settings. A Scoping Review.

Objective: To synthesize the evidence of studies with educational interventions for adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in primary health care settings. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute and by the PRISMA declaration. The protocol was registered in INPLASY20215009. The search was carried out in: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and grey literature. Results: Seventeen studies were included; most were randomized clinical trials of which 65% were conducted in high-income countries, and all the studies represented 5 656 participants. The results showed four big categories derived from educational interventions: therapeutic adherence (significant results on the satisfaction with the treatment); self-care and self-management in diabetes (improvement in self-efficacy, empowerment, and disease awareness); glycemic control in diabetes (significant results in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin); nursing and its role in the educational interventions on patients with DM2 (guidance in restructuring behaviors). Conclusion: The findings of this review suggest that educational interventions on patients with DM2 within the setting of primary health care can impact positively on therapeutic adherence, self-control, and knowledge of the disease. Moreover, it was possible to identify the influence of multidisciplinary health teams, where the relevance of nursing professionals in the construction and implementation of educational interventions is evidenced in obtaining better health results.

Adaptación transcultural para Colombia y validez de contenido de la escala RAC de evaluación del riesgo de infección en el adulto hospitalizado / Cross-cultural adaptation for Colombia and content validity of the RAC scale for assessing the risk of infection in hospitalized adults

Introducción: Las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS) son un grave problema de salud pública, que puede ser prevenidas al identificar los factores de riesgo con el uso de escalas. Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente y realizar la validación de contenido y de face de la escala Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC) de evaluación del riesgo de infección en adultos hospitalizados. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio metodológico de adaptación transcultural. La recolección de datos se realizó de junio a noviembre de 2020. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 especialistas. La escala RAC se evaluó en su conjunto, determinando su alcance, los ítems fueron evaluados individualmente, verificando su claridad, relevancia y pertinencia. Para evaluar cada ítem se utilizó una escala tipo Likert de cuatro niveles. La validez de contenido fue evaluada a través del índice de validez de contenido (IVC). Resultados: Por medio de la evaluación del comité de especialistas fue posible determinar que la escala RAC es apta para uso en el contexto cultural colombiano. Se realizaron ajustes para mejorar la interpretación de algunos ítems. El IVC de los ítems estuvo entre 0.90 a 1.0 y el IVC promedio de la escala fue de 0.98. Discusión: Esta escala permite medir el riesgo de IAAS a un bajo costo, con el fin de poder planear y ejecutar intervenciones por parte del equipo multidisciplinario que tiene a cargo la salud y el cuidado del paciente. Conclusiones: La escala RAC en su versión en español es un instrumento apropiado para la evaluación del riesgo de IAAS en el adulto hospitalizado en Colombia.

Introduction: Health care­associated infections (HAI) are a serious public health problem, which can be prevented by identifying risk factors with the use of scales. Objective: To adapt cross-culturally and perform content and face validation of the Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC) scale for assessing the risk of infection in hospitalized adults. Materials and Methods: Methodological study of cross-cultural adaptation. Data collection was carried out from June to November 2020. The sample consisted of 11 specialists. The RAC scale was evaluated as a whole, determining its scope, the items were evaluated individually, verifying their clarity, relevance and pertinence. To evaluate each item, a four-level Likert-type scale was used. The content validity was evaluated through the content validity index (CVI). Results: Through the evaluation of the committee of specialists it was possible to determine that the RAC scale is suitable for use in the Colombian cultural context. Adjustments were made to improve the interpretation of some items. The CVI of the items was between 0.90 to 1.0 and the average CVI of the scale was 0.98. Discusión: This scale makes it possible to measure the HAI risk at a low cost, in order to be able to plan and execute interventions by the multidisciplinary team in charge of the health and care of the patient. Conclusions: The RAC scale in its Spanish version is an appropriate instrument for assessing the risk of HAI in hospitalized adults in Colombia.

Introdução: As infecções associadas à assistência à saúde (IAAS) são um grave problema de saúde pública, que pode ser prevenido por meio da identificação de fatores de risco com o uso de escalas. Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente e realizar a validação de conteúdo e de face da escala Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC), de avaliação do risco de infecção em adultos hospitalizados. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo metodológico de adaptação transcultural. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de junho a novembro de 2020. A amostra foi composta por 11 especialistas. A escala RAC foi avaliada como um todo, determinando seu escopo, os itens foram avaliados individualmente, verificando sua clareza, relevância e pertinência. Para avaliar cada item, foi utilizada uma escala do tipo Likert de quatro níveis. A validade de conteúdo foi avaliada por meio do índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC). Resultados: Por meio da avaliação do comitê de especialistas, foi possível constatar que a escala RAC é adequada para uso no contexto cultural colombiano. Ajustes foram feitos para melhorar a interpretação de alguns itens. O IVC dos itens ficou entre 0,90 a 1,0 e o IVC médio da escala foi de 0,98. Discussão: Esta escala permite mensurar o risco de IAAS a baixo custo, de forma a poder planejar e executar intervenções da equipe multiprofissional responsável pela saúde e cuidado do paciente. Conclusões: A escala RAC em sua versão em espanhol é um instrumento adequado para a avaliação do risco de IAAS em adultos hospitalizados na Colômbia.

Intervenciones educativas para reducir mortalidad y aumento de calidad de vida en adultos con insuficienciacardiaca: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Educational interventions to reduce the mortality and increase the quality of life in adults with heart failure

Objetivo: estimar el efecto de estudios de intervenciones educativas (IE) en la reducción de la mortalidad y el aumento en la calidad de vida (CV) en adultos con insuficiencia cardiaca, comparado con el cuidado estándar. Método: revisión sistemática (RS) y metaanálisis (MA) de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que siguió las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA. El protocolo fue registrado en PROSPERO (CRD42019139321). Las búsquedas se realizaron en PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Lilacs, Web of Science y Scopus, desde el inicio hasta julio de 2019. El MA fue realizado mediante modelo de efectos aleatorios. La medida de efecto utilizada para el desenlace de mortalidad fue el riesgo relativo (RR) y para el desenlace de CV se usó la diferencia de medias (DM), con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. La heterogeneidad fue evaluada mediante el estadístico de inconsistencia (I2). Resultados: de 2.369 estudios identificados se incluyeron 58 trabajos. Para el resultado de mortalidad, el MA con seguimiento ≥ 12 meses evidenció una reducción de la mortalidad del 26% (RR: 0,74; IC 95%: 0,66-0,83; I2: 0%) a favor del grupo IE. Para el desenlace de CV (cuestionario Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), el MA con seguimiento ≤ 3 meses mostró un aumento en la CV a favor del grupo IE, con una diferencia relevante en la puntuación de casi 7 puntos (DM: -6,77; IC 95%: -9,85, -3,69; I2: 23%). Conclusiones: los hallazgos demuestran el efecto protector que tienen las IE para reducir la mortalidad y aumentar la CV de pacientes adultos con insuficiencia cardiaca.(AU)

Objective: to estimate the effect of educational intervention (EI) studies on the reduction of mortality and the increase in quality of life (QoL) in adults with heart failure, compared with standard care. Method: a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of randomized clinical trials, following the recommendations of the PRISMA declaration. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019139321). Searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Lilacs, Web of Science and Scopus since the start of the year and until July 2019. The MA was conducted through random effects model. The measure of effect used for the mortality outcome was Relative Risk (RR), and the mean difference (MD) was used for the QoL outcome, with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed through inconsistency statistics (I2). Results: fifty-eight (58) studies were included out of the 2.369 studies identified. For the mortality outcome, the MA with follow-up at ≥ 12 months, there was a 26% reduction in mortality (RR: 0.74; CI 95%: 0.66-0.83; I2: 0%) in favour of the EI group. For the QoL outcome (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), the MA with follow-up at ≤ 3 months showed an increase in QoL in favour of the EI group, with a relevant difference in score by almost 7 points (MD: -6.77; CI 95%: -9.85, -3.69; I2: 23%). Conclusions: the findings demonstrated the protective effect of EIs for reducing mortality and increasing the QoL of adult patients with heart failure.(AU)

Contributions of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses to Nursing Education, Research, and Practice / Contribuciones de las revisiones sistemáticas y los metaanálisis en la educación, la investigación y la práctica de la Enfermería / Contribuições das revisões sistemáticas e das metanálises na educação, na pesquisa e na prática da Enfermagem

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are helpful methodological alternatives that combine, discuss, and assess the quality of the best available evidence through adequate and exhaustive searches of the literature. In the last decade, there has been an increase in systematic reviews and meta-analyses in nursing research. This article intends to reflect on the contributions of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to nursing education, research, and practice. Synthesizing the evidence through high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses adds to the disciplinary development of nursing; therefore, students and professionals in the field should be encouraged to employ these methodological tools in education and research and implement the results of these methods in clinical practice for making better decisions regarding the individual needs of patients.

Las revisiones sistemáticas y los metaanálisis son alternativas metodológicas útiles que, mediante búsquedas adecuadas y exhaustivas de la literatura, consiguen combinar, analizar y evaluar la calidad de la mejor evidencia disponible. En la última década ha habido un aumento en la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis en la investigación en Enfermería. Este artículo tiene como propósito realizar una reflexión sobre las contribuciones de las revisiones sistemáticas y los metaanálisis en la educación, la investigación y la práctica de la Enfermería. Sintetizar la evidencia a través de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis de buena calidad aporta al desarrollo disciplinar de la Enfermería, razón por la cual se debe estimular a estudiantes y profesionales de la disciplina a hacer uso de estas herramientas metodológicas en la educación y la investigación, así como la implementación de los resultados de estas metodologías en la práctica clínica, para la toma de mejores decisiones frente a las necesidades individuales de los pacientes.

As revisões sistemáticas e as metanálises são alternativas metodológicas úteis que, por meio de buscas adequadas e exaustivas da literatura, conseguem combinar, analisar e avaliar a qualidade da melhor evidência disponível. Na última década, houve um aumento na publicação de revisões sistemáticas e metanálises na pesquisa em Enfermagem. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma reflexão sobre as contribuições das revisões sistemáticas e das metanálises na educação, na pesquisa e na prática da Enfermagem. Sintetizar a evidência a partir de revisões sistemáticas e metanálise de boa qualidade contribui para o desenvolvimento da disciplina de Enfermagem, razão pela qual estudantes e profissionais da área devem ser estimulados a fazer uso dessas ferramentas metodológicas na educação e na pesquisa, bem como a implementar os resultados dessas metodologias na prática clínica, para a tomada de melhores decisões diante das necessidades individuais dos pacientes.

Effect of Educational Interventions to Reduce Readmissions due to Heart Failure Decompensation in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the combined effect of educational interventions (EI) on decreased readmissions and time of hospital stay in adults with heart failure, compared with usual care. METHODS: Systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of randomized controlled trials that followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019139321). Searches were made from inception until July 2019 in the databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus. The MA was conducted through the random effects model. The effect measure used for the dichotomous outcomes was relative risk (RR) and for continuous outcomes the mean difference (MD) was used, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated through the inconsistency statistic (I2). RESULTS: Of 2369 studies identified, 45 were included in the SR and 43 in the MA. The MA of studies with follow-up at six months showed a decrease in readmissions of 30% (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.84; I2: 0%) and the 12-month follow-up evidenced a reduction of 33% (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.76; I2: 52%); both analyses in favor of the EI group. Regarding the time of hospital stay, a reduction was found of approximately two days in patients who received the EI (MD: -1.98; 95% CI: -3.27 to -0.69; I2: 7%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the benefits of EI to reduce readmissions and days of hospital stay in adult patients with heart failure.

Effect of Educational Interventions to Reduce Readmissions due to Heart Failure Decompensation in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / Efecto de intervenciones educativas para reducir readmisiones debido a descompensación de falla cardiaca en adultos: una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis / Efecto de intervenciones educativas para reducir readmisiones debido a descompensación de falla cardiaca en adultos: una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

Objective. To estimate the combined effect of educational interventions (EI) on decreased readmissions and time of hospital stay in adults with heart failure, compared with usual care. Methods. Systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of randomized controlled trials that followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019139321). Searches were made from inception until July 2019 in the databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus. The MA was conducted through the random effects model. The effect measure used for the dichotomous outcomes was relative risk (RR) and for continuous outcomes the mean difference (MD) was used, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated through the inconsistency statistic (I2). Results. Of 2369 studies identified, 45 were included in the SR and 43 in the MA. The MA of studies with follow-up at six months showed a decrease in readmissions of 30% (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.84; I2: 0%) and the 12-month follow-up evidenced a reduction of 33% (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.76; I2: 52%); both analyses in favor of the EI group. Regarding the time of hospital stay, a reduction was found of approximately two days in patients who received the EI (MD: -1.98; 95% CI: -3.27 to -0.69; I2: 7%). Conclusion. The findings support the benefits of EI to reduce readmissions and days of hospital stay in adult patients with heart failure.

Objetivo. Estimar el efecto combinado de las intervenciones educativas (IE) en la disminución de readmisiones y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria en adultos con falla cardiaca comparado con el cuidado usual. Métodos. Revisión Sistemática (RS) y meta-análisis (MA) de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que siguieron las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA. El protocolo se registró en PROSPERO (CRD42019139321). Se realizaron búsquedas desde el inicio hasta julio de 2019, en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Lilacs, Web of Science y Scopus. El MA se realizó mediante modelo de efectos aleatorios. La medida de efecto utilizada para los desenlaces dicotómicos fue el riesgo relativo (RR) y para desenlaces continuos se usó la diferencia de medias (DM), con sus intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. La heterogeneidad se evaluó mediante el estadístico de inconsistencia (I2). Resultados. De 2369 estudios identificados, 45 se incluyeron en la RS y 43 en el MA. El MA de estudios con seguimiento a seis meses mostró una disminución en las readmisiones de 30% (RR: 0.70; IC 95%: 0.58 a 0.84; I2: 0%) y el seguimiento a doce meses evidenció una reducción de 33% (RR: 0.67; IC 95%: 0.58 a 0.76; I2: 52%), ambos análisis a favor del grupo de IE. Referente al tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, se encontró una reducción de aproximadamente dos días en los pacientes que recibieron las IE (DM: -1.98; IC 95%: -3.27 a -0.69; I2: 7%). Conclusión. Los hallazgos soportan los beneficios de las IE para la disminución de readmisiones y días de estancia hospitalaria en pacientes adultos con falla cardiaca.

Objetivo. Estimar o efeito combinado de intervenções educacionais (IE) na redução de readmissões e tempo de internação em adultos com insuficiência cardíaca, em comparação com o cuidado usual. Métodos. Revisão sistemática (RS) e meta-análise (MA) de ensaios clínicos randomizados que seguiu as recomendações da declaração PRISMA. O protocolo foi registrado no PROSPERO (CRD42019139321). Foram realizadas buscas desde o início até julho de 2019, nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Lilacs, Web of Science e Scopus. A MA foi realizada usando um modelo de efeitos aleatórios. A medida de efeito utilizada para desfechos dicotômicos foi o risco relativo (RR) e para desfechos contínuos foi usada a diferença de médias (DM), com seus intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. A heterogeneidade foi avaliada por meio da estatística de inconsistência (I2). Resultados. De 2369 estudos identificados, 45 foram incluídos na RS e 43 na MA. A MA dos estudos com seguimento de seis meses mostrou uma diminuição nas readmissões de 30% (RR: 0.70; IC 95%: 0.58 a 0.84; I2: 0%) e o seguimento de doze meses mostrou uma redução de 33 % (RR: 0.67; IC 95%: 0.58 a 0.76; I2: 52%), ambas as análises em favor do grupo de IE. Em relação ao tempo de internação, foi observada uma redução de aproximadamente dois dias nos pacientes que receberam as IE (DM: -1.98; IC 95%: -3.27 a -0.69; I2: 7%). Conclusão. Os achados evidenciam os benefícios das IE para a redução de readmissões e dias de internação em pacientes adultos com insuficiência cardíaca.

Validity and reliability of the RAC adult infection risk scale: A new instrument to measure healthcare-associated infection risk.

Healthcare-associated infections represent a public health problem, and they have repercussions for patient safety. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC) adult infection risk scale, focusing on the construct and predictive validity and reliability. The study enrolled 278 patients at a large hospital in southern Brazil. The research process involved the following three phases: construct validation, assessing predictive validity, and assessing reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit using a two-factor model with 15 items. The logistic regression analysis showed an association between the scale score and prediction of developing healthcare-associated infections (odds ratio: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.28). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.72 for intrinsic factors subscale and 0.71 for extrinsic factors subscale. A high level of inter-rater agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.97) was found for both subscales. The Bland and Altman method showed narrow agreement limits, demonstrating good agreement between evaluators. The findings of this study showed that the RAC adult infection risk scale is a new, reliable, and psychometrically valid instrument to assess healthcare-associated infections risk. Future research using this scale may lead to a better understanding of the healthcare-associated infections risk and assist health professionals in decision-making for interventions to improve patient safety.

Correlación entre diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería en el cuidado al paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 / Correlação entre diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem no cuidado ao paciente internado por COVID-19 / Correlation between diagnoses, outcomes and nursing interventions in inpatient care of the patient with COVID-19

La pandemia de COVID-19 confirmada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el año 2020 es conocida como una enfermedad respiratoria infecciosa causada por un nuevo virus perteneciente a la familia coronaviridae, posee un genoma de ácido ribonucleico (ARN) de gran tamaño y simetría helicoidal, su característica definitoria son las espículas que posee en su envoltura vírica que le dan la forma de corona; así mismo, le permiten junto con las proteínas que se encuentran en la envoltura poder anclarse a los receptores de la célula. Se conoce que los diversos coronavirus como el Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave (SARS), Síndrome Respiratorio del Medio Oriente (MERS) y actualmente el COVID-19 han sido causantes desde resfriados comunes hasta enfermedades más graves que han llevado a complicaciones y derivado en la muerte de un gran número de personas, el SARS en el 2002 causó 8300 enfermos y 785 muertes, el MERS en el 2012 reportó 1879 casos con una tasa de mortalidad de 39%; la OMS ha realizado un monitoreo para reportar diariamente los casos confirmados y muertes por COVID-19 en las diferentes regiones del mundo; esto teniendo en cuenta que la enfermedad tiene una tasa de reproducción de Ro= 2.28 originada por su rápida propagación en comparación con otros coronavirus, que se facilita por su fácil vía de trasmisión a través de las gotas respiratorias (aerosoles) y el contacto directo e indirecto por fómites contaminados de dichos aerosoles, unido a la falta de adherencia a las medidas de bioseguridad por parte de la población, lo cual han ocasionado un desborde en el control del virus.

Una mirada desde el proceso de enfermería modificado al manejo del sobrepeso y obesidad / A look from the modified nursing process to the management of overweight and obesity / Um olhar do processo de enfermagem modificado para o manejo do sobrepeso e obesidade

La obesidad continúa siendo un grave problema de salud pública y un factor de riesgo relevante para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles que generan la mayor carga de morbimortalidad en el mundo1. Esta condición se define como un estado de exceso de grasa corporal y se caracteriza como una enfermedad crónica compleja y multifactorial que involucra factores ambientales, genéticos, fisiológicos, metabólicos y de comportamiento2. La prevalencia general de sobrepeso y obesidad aumentó aproximadamente un 28% en adultos y 47% en niños entre 1980 y 2013. El problema no solo afecta a los países desarrollados, ya que ahora hay un aumento significativo en el sobrepeso y la obesidad en el mundo en desarrollo3.

Resultado de enfermagem para avaliação da dor após artroplastia de quadril / Nursing outcomes for pain assessment after hip arthroplasty / Resultado de enfermería para valoración del dolor después de una artroplastia de cadera

Resumo Introdução A Artroplastia Total de Quadril se apresenta como um procedimento eficaz para a diminuição da dor em articulações e para a melhora funcional das pessoas. Objetivo Selecionar resultados e indicadores da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) e construir definições conceituais e operacionais, para avaliação da dor de pacientes após Artroplastia Total de Quadril. Materiais e Métodos Estudo de consenso entre especialistas. As definições foram construídas baseadas na literatura e experiência dos autores. Estabeleceu-se um consenso de 100% para o conteúdo do instrumento das definições conceituais e operacionais do resultado de enfermagem. Resultados Foi selecionado o resultado de enfermagem Nível de dor, com onze indicadores, a mencionar: Dor relatada, Duração dos episódios de dor, Expressões faciais de dor, Agitação, Irritabilidade, Encolhimento, Diaforese, Náusea, Frequência respiratória, Frequência do pulso radial e Pressão arterial. Cada um dos onze indicadores foi definido conceitual e operacionalmente. Discussão e Conclusões A seleção desse resultado e de seus indicadores, assim como a construção das definições podem favorecer a aplicação da NOC com maior fidedignidade nessa população, além de aprimorar a assistência e contribuir no aperfeiçoamento da classificação.

Abstract Introduction Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is an effective procedure to relieve joint pain and to provide functional improvement in patients. Objective Based on the outcomes and indicators from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), this study aims to create conceptual and operational definitions to assess pain in patients undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty. Materials and Methods Consensus study among experts. Definitions were based on literature review and author experience. Complete agreement was found on instrument content in relation to the conceptual and operational definitions from nursing outcomes. Results The nursing outcome 'pain level' was selected which had eleven indicators, being notable the self-reported pain, duration of pain episodes, facial expressions of pain, agitation, irritability, muscle contraction, diaphoresis, nausea, respiratory rate, heart rate at the radial point and blood pressure. Discussion and conclusions The selection of this outcome and its indicators as well as the creation of definitions might benefit the NOC application in a more reliable manner over that population, apart from improving assistance and helping adjust this classification.

Resumen Introducción La Artroplastia Total de Cadera se presenta como un procedimiento eficaz para disminuir el dolor en las articulaciones y para alcanzar la mejora funcional de las personas. Objetivo Seleccionar resultados e indicadores de la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) y construir definiciones conceptuales y operacionales para la valoración del dolor de los pacientes que son sometidos a una Artroplastia Total de Cadera. Materiales y Métodos Estudio de consenso entre especialistas. Las definiciones se construyeron con base en la literatura y en la experiencia de los autores. Se estableció un consenso de 100% para el contenido del instrumento con respecto a las definiciones conceptuales y operacionales del resultado de la enfermería. Resultados Se escogió el resultado de enfermería Nivel de dolor, con once indicadores, de los cuales vale la pena destacar: Dolor reportado, Duración de los episodios de dolor, Expresiones faciales de dolor, Agitación, Irritabilidad, Encogimiento, Diaforesis, Náuseas, Frecuencia respiratoria, Frecuencia del pulso radial y Presión arterial. Cada uno de los once indicadores se definió conceptual y operativamente. Discusión y Conclusiones La selección de este resultado y de sus indicadores, así como la construcción de las definiciones pueden favorecer la aplicación de la NOC de manera más fidedigna en esa población, además de mejorar la asistencia y contribuir a perfeccionar la clasificación.